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A132411
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a(0) = 0, a(1) = 1 and a(n) = n^2 - 1 with n >= 2.
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19
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0, 1, 3, 8, 15, 24, 35, 48, 63, 80, 99, 120, 143, 168, 195, 224, 255, 288, 323, 360, 399, 440, 483, 528, 575, 624, 675, 728, 783, 840, 899, 960, 1023, 1088, 1155, 1224, 1295, 1368, 1443, 1520, 1599, 1680, 1763, 1848, 1935, 2024, 2115, 2208, 2303, 2400, 2499
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OFFSET
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0,3
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COMMENTS
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X values of solutions to the equation X^3 - (X + 1)^2 + X + 2 = Y^2.
To prove that X = 1 or X = n^2 - 1: Y^2 = X^3 - (X + 1)^2 + X + 2 = X^3 - X^2 - X + 1 = (X + 1)(X^2 - 2X + 1) = (X + 1)*(X - 1)^2 it means: X = 1 or (X + 1) must be a perfect square, so X = 1 or X = n^2 - 1 with n >= 1. Which gives: (X, Y) = (0, 1) or (X, Y) = (1, 0) or (X, Y) = (n^2 - 1, n*(n^2 - 2)) with n >= 2.
An equivalent technique of integer factorization would work for example for the equation X^3 + 3*X^2 - 9*X + 5 = (X+5)(X-1)^2 = Y^2, looking for perfect squares of the form X + 5 = n^2. Another example is X^3 + X^2 - 5*X + 3 = (X+3)*(X-1)^2 = Y^2 with solutions generated from perfect squares of the form X + 3 = n^2. - R. J. Mathar, Nov 20 2007
Sum of possible divisors of a prime number up to its square root, with duplicate entries removed. - Odimar Fabeny, Aug 25 2010
a(0) = 0, a(1) = 1 and a(n) is the smallest k different from n such that n divides k and n+1 divides k+1. - Michel Lagneau, Apr 27 2013
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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Starting (1, 3, 8, 15, 24, ...) = binomial transform of [1, 2, 3, -1, 1, -1, ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, May 12 2008
Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(n+1)/a(n) = 3/4. - Amiram Eldar, Sep 27 2022
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EXAMPLE
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0^3 - 1^2 + 2 = 1^2, 1^3 - 2^2 + 3 = 0^2, 3^3 - 4^2 + 5 = 4^2.
For P(n) = 29 we have sqrt(29) = 5.3851... so possible divisors are 3 and 5; for P(n) = 53 we have sqrt(53) = 7.2801... so possible divisors are 3, 5 and 7. - Odimar Fabeny, Aug 25 2010
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MAPLE
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a:= n-> `if`(n<2, n, n^2-1):
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MATHEMATICA
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Join[{0, 1}, LinearRecurrence[{3, -3, 1}, {3, 8, 15}, 80]] (* and *) Table[If[n < 2, n, n^2 - 1], {n, 0, 80}] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Feb 14 2012 *)
CoefficientList[Series[x + x^2 (-3 + x)/(-1 + x)^3, {x, 0, 60}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, May 01 2014 *)
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PROG
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(PARI) concat(0, Vec(x+x^2*(-3+x)/(-1+x)^3 + O(x^100))) \\ Altug Alkan, Dec 18 2015
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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nonn,easy
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AUTHOR
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EXTENSIONS
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STATUS
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approved
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